Tool-in-hand system. Machine reference systems ASA. Tool reference system Orthogonal rake systems ORS. Normal rake systems NRS. Work reference system. Relief Rotational Rake Relative. Explanation: Relief Angle: The side relief angle provides the relief for the side-cutting edge in order to allow it to penetrate into the workpiece so that it can form the chip.
The end relief angle allows the end-cutting edge to penetrate into the workpiece. It is the angle that the edge of the tool nearest workpiece makes with the workpiece The relief angle below the nose is a blend of both the end relief and the side relief angles. Usually, both relief angles- are equal although this is not always the case. The size of the relief angles has a very pronounced effect on the performance of the cutting tool.
If they are too small they will cause a decided decrease in the tool life. If too large, the support below the cutting edge will be weakened to the extent that the cutting edge may break or chip. Rake angle The rake angle ground on a tool controls the geometry of chip formation. Thereby, it controls the cutting action of the tool. The top or back rake angle of the tool is ground on the top of the tool, and it is a slope formed between the front of the cutting edge and the top of the face.
If the slope is from the front towards the back of the tool, it is known as a positive top rake angle. Most of the tool designation systems are standardized. As usual, a standardized tool signature helps choosing the most suitable tool for a particular application.
Apart from selection, it also facilitates fast and easy interpretation of various features, quick replacement, straightforward design, facile generalizations and also better planning, estimation and control. There are various systems for designation of single point turning tool, each has specific advantages and disadvantages. Among various systems, the commonly used systems for turning tool designation are enlisted below.
Tool designation by Tool-In-Hand system basically refers to the identification of few useful salient features just by observing the cutting tool in bare eyes. Such views are immensely helpful in selecting a particular tool prior to operation. For example, the Tool-In-Hand system for turning tool can provide following information relevant to the cutter.
Read details about tool-in-hand system. In American Standards Association ASA system, turning tool angles are designated based on machine longitudinal plane and machine transverse plane along with reference plane. It consists of two rake angles, two clearance angles, two cutting angles and the nose radius of the turning tool. The nose radius value is expresses in inch. There exists a specific pattern for designation of turning tool by ASA system as provided below. It is to be noted that ASA system does not portray any information about the auxiliary cutting plane of the turning tool.
The ORS system displays two rake angles—two clearance angles two cutting angles and the nose radius value in mm. Since our launch in , we have worked on improving forging technology and making useful products for the people for over 90 years period of manufacturing. After the market had expanded all over Japan and therefore the Osaka Yao factory got cramped we moved our manufacturing base to Niigata prefecture in With the operation of the new and fairly eco-friendly factory.
We have been striving to improve our technology, further increase productivity and develop products that make use of our company's unique identity.
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